Antara Keadilan Ekonomi dan Tata Kelola Sumberdaya Alam: Dilema Tatakelola Pertambangan Tanpa Izin (PETI) di Kabupaten Bogor

Jonah Silas; Wawan wawan; Teguh Aris Munandar

doi:10.37950/joc.v5i1.631

Authors

Jonah Silas Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Wawan wawan
Teguh Aris Munandar Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37950/joc.v5i1.631

Abstract

Penelitian ini berangkat dari persoalan empirik maraknya praktik pertambangan emas ilegal yang berlangsung di tengah lemahnya tata kelola sumber daya alam, khususnya pada wilayah dengan tingkat kemiskinan tinggi dan keterbatasan akses ekonomi masyarakat. Praktik tersebut menghadirkan dilema serius antara upaya penyelamatan lingkungan dan kebutuhan masyarakat lokal untuk mempertahankan sumber penghidupan. Kerusakan ekologi, risiko bencana, serta ancaman kesehatan berjalan beriringan dengan terbukanya peluang ekonomi yang dianggap paling rasional bagi kelompok masyarakat termarjinalkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kegagalan dan tantangan tata kelola pertambangan rakyat, serta merumuskan alternatif tata kelola yang berkeadilan secara ekonomi dan berkelanjutan secara ekologis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, melalui observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian serta observasi berbasis media dan dokumen kebijakan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa praktik pertambangan ilegal tidak semata disebabkan oleh lemahnya kontrol negara, melainkan oleh kegagalan negara dalam menghadirkan tata kelola pertambangan yang adil, partisipatif, dan adaptif terhadap realitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Pembahasan juga menegaskan adanya dilema struktural antara perlindungan lingkungan dan keadilan ekonomi, yang diperparah oleh rezim perizinan yang sentralistik dan eksklusif. Penelitian ini menawarkan model tata kelola pertambangan berbasis kearifan lokal melalui penguatan peran institusi adat, dengan negara berfungsi sebagai pemberi legitimasi hukum, sebagai alternatif solusi yang lebih inklusif, berkeadilan, dan berkelanjutan.

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